History of the Compass |
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Compass (zhǐ nán zhēn 指南针) is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. It is a simple instrument for navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles. It consists of a magnetized pointer (usually marked on the North end) free to align itself with Earth's magnetic field. The earliest compass originally came out during Warring State Period (zhàn guó shí qī 战国时期). It is made of lodestone, with the shape of a soup ladle. It should be put on a glossy chases and kept balance when it is used. And the handle of the ladle will point to the south. People in ancient China called it Si Nan (sī nán 司南). However, because the lodestones are hard to find and they are easy to lost magnetism, what’s more, Si Nan is not convenient to take for its weight, it is not used extensively. Till the Song Dynasty (sòng cháo 宋朝), Chinese people made Zhinan Fish (zhǐ nán yú 指南鱼), which is more convenient than Si Nan. It just needs a bowl of water, and put the Zhinan Fish on the surface of the water, then it will help you to determine direction. For long-term improvements, people made the steel needle with magnetism by rubbing it on the lodestone. Therefore the needle with magnetism can be regarded as the compass. The compass was put into use in people’s daily life, military, and manufacturing, especially in navigation. The first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigational aid was Zheng He (zhèng hé 郑和, 1371-1435), from the Yunnan province in China, who made seven ocean voyages between 1405 and 1433. 指南针
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