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Living in China Chinese Law Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China
Living in China Chinese Law Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China
| Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China |
| Chinese Law | |||
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Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China
目录中华人民共和国高等教育法 Contents 第一章 总则 Chapter I General Provisions 第二章 高等教育基本制度 Chapter II Basic System of Higher Education 第三章 高等学校的设立 Chapter III Establishment of Institutions of Higher Learning 第四章 高等学校的组织和活动 Chapter IV Organization and Activities of Institutions of Higher Learning 第五章 高等学校教师和其他教育工作者 Chapter V Teachers and Other Educational Workers of Institutions of Higher Learning 第六章 高等学校的学生 Chapter VI Students of Institutions of Higher Learning 第七章 高等教育投入和条件保障 Chapter VII Guarantee for Input and Conditions of Higher Education 第八章 附则 Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions 第一章 总则 Chapter I General Provisions 第一条 为了发展高等教育事业，实施科教兴国战略，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法和教育法，制定本法。 Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution and the Education Law for the purposes of developing the cause of higher education, implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and promoting the building of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization. 第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事高等教育活动，适用本法。 Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to engagement in activities of higher education within the territory of the People's Republic of China. 本法所称高等教育，是指在完成高级中等教育基础上实施的教育。 Higher education referred to in this Law means education imparted on the basis of completion of senior secondary school education. 第三条 国家坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论为指导，遵循宪法确定的基本原则，发展社会主义的高等教育事业。 Article 3 The state adheres to the development of the cause of socialist higher education with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping's Theory as guidance following the basic principles defined by the Constitution. 第四条 高等教育必须贯彻国家的教育方针，为社会主义现代化建设服务，与生产劳动相结合，使受教育者成为德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。 Article 4 Higher education must implement the educational policy of the state, serve socialist modernization, integrate itself with production and labor to train those educated to be builders and successors of the socialist cause with all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique. 第五条 高等教育的任务是培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高级专门人才，发展科学技术文化，促进社会主义现代化建设。 Article 5 The task of higher education is to train senior specialized talents with innovative spirit and practical capability, develop science, technology and culture and promote socialist modernization. 第六条 国家根据经济建设和社会发展的需要，制定高等教育发展规划，举办高等学校，并采取多种形式积极发展高等教育事业。 Article 6 The state formulates higher education development planning, establishes institutions of higher learning and adopts various forms to actively develop the cause of higher education in accordance with the requirements of economic construction and social development. 国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和公民等社会力量依法举办高等学校，参与和支持高等教育事业的改革和发展。 The state encourages such social forces as enterprises, institutions, societies and other social organizations and citizens in the establishment of institutions of higher learning, participation in and rendering support for the reform and development of the cause of higher education in accordance with law. 第七条 国家按照社会主义现代化建设和发展社会主义市场经济的需要，根据不同类型、不同层次高等学校的实际，推进高等教育体制改革和高等教育教学改革，优化高等教育结构和资源配置，提高高等教育的质量和效益。 Article 7 The state presses ahead the reform of the higher education system and the reform of higher education teaching, optimizes the structure of and resources allocation for higher education, improve the quality and performance of higher education in the light of the actual conditions of different types and different tiers of institutions of higher learning and in accordance with the requirements of socialist modernization and development of the socialist market economy. 第八条 国家根据少数民族的特点和需要，帮助和支持少数民族地区发展高等教育事业，为少数民族培养高级专门人才。 Article 8 The state assists and supports minority nationality regions in the development of the cause of higher education and training of senior specialized talents for minority nationalities in the light of the characteristics and requirements of minority nationalities. 第九条 公民依法享有接受高等教育的权利。 Article 9 Citizens have the right to higher education according to law. 国家采取措施，帮助少数民族学生和经济困难的学生接受高等教育。 The state adopts measures to assist students of minority nationalities and students with financial difficulties to receive higher education. 高等学校必须招收符合国家规定的录取标准的残疾学生入学，不得因其残疾而拒绝招收。 Institutions of higher learning must admit disabled students who meet the admission standards set by the state and must not refuse to admit them for their disabilities. 第十条 国家依法保障高等学校中的科学研究，文学艺术创作和其他文化活动的自由。 Article 10 The state safeguards the freedom of scientific research, literary and artistic creations and other cultural activities in institutions of higher learning according to law. 在高等学校中从事科学研究、文学艺术创作和其他文化活动，应当遵守法律。 Scientific research, literary and artistic creations and other cultural activities in institutions of higher learning should abide by law. 第十一条 高等学校应当面向社会，依法自主办学，实行民主管理。 Article 11 Institutions of higher learning should be geared to the needs of society, run independently and practice democratic management in accordance with law. 第十二条 国家鼓励高等学校之间、高等学校与科学研究机构以及企业事业组织之间开展协作，实行优势互补，提高教育资源的使用效益。 Article 12 The state encourages cooperation among institutions of higher learning, between institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes as well as enterprises and institutions to be mutually supplementary with reach's own advantages and improve the performance in the employment of educational resources. 国家鼓励和支持高等教育事业的国际交流与合作。 The state encourages and supports international exchanges and cooperation for the cause of higher education. 第十三条 国务院统一领导和管理全国高等教育事业。 Article 13 The State Council uniformly leads and administers the cause of higher education nationwide. 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府统筹协调本行政区域内的高等教育事业，管理主要为地方培养人才和国务院授权管理的高等学校。 People's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government coordinate with unified planning the cause of higher education within their respective administrative areas, administer the training of talents mainly for the localities and institutions of higher learning the administration of which have been authorized by the State Council. 第十四条 国务院教育行政部门主管全国高等教育工作，管理由国务院确定的主要为全国培养人才的高等学校。国务院其他有关部门在国务院规定的职责范围内，负责有关的高等教育工作。 Article 14 The department of education administration under the State Council shall take charge of the work of higher education nationwide, administer the institutions of higher learning that mainly train talents for the whole country determined by the State Council. Other departments concerned under the State Council shall be responsible for the related work of higher education within the scope of responsibilities prescribed by the State Council. 第二章 高等教育基本制度 Chapter II Basic System of Higher Education 第十五条 高等教育包括学历教育和非学历教育。 Article 15 Higher education consists of curricula education and non-curricula education. 高等教育采用全日制和非全日制教育形式。 Higher education adopts the educational forms of full-time system and non-full-time system. 国家支持采用广播、电视、函授及其他远程教育方式实施高等教育。 The state supports the adoption of broadcast, television, correspondence and other modes of distance education to impart higher education. 第十六条 高等学历教育分为专科教育、本科教育和研究生教育。 Article 16 Higher curricula education is divided into specialty education, undergraduate education and post graduate education. 高等学历教育应当符合下列学业标准： Higher curricula education should meet the following standards for school work: （一）专科教育应当使学生掌握本专业必备的基础理论、专门知识，具有从事本专业实际工作的基本技能和初步能力； (1)specialty education should enable students to master the basic theory and basic knowledge essential for the respective specialty and acquire the basic skills and initial capability for the practical work of the respective specialty; （二）本科教育应当使学生比较系统地掌握本学科、专业必需的基础理论、基本知识，掌握本专业必要的基本技能、方法和相关知识，具有从事本专业实际工作和研究工作的初步能力； (2)undergraduate education should enable students to systematically master the basic theory and basic knowledge necessary for the respective discipline and specialty, master the basic skills, techniques and related know-how necessary for the respective specialty and acquire initial capability for the practical work and research work of the respective specialty; and （三）硕士研究生教育应当使学生掌握本学科坚实的基础理论、系统的专业知识，掌握相应的技能、方法和相关知识，具有从事本专业实际工作和科学研究工作的能力。博士研究生教育应当使学生掌握本学科坚实宽广的基础理论、系统深入的专业知识、相应的技能和方法，具有独立从事本学科创造性科学研究工作和实际工作的能力。 (3)master's post graduate education should enable students to master firm basic theory of the respective discipline, systematic specialty knowledge, master corresponding skills, techniques and related know-how, and acquire capabilities for the practical work and scientific research work of the respective specialty. Doctoral post graduate education should enable students to master firm and broad basic theory, systematic and in-depth specialty knowledge and corresponding skills and techniques, and acquire capabilities for independent creative scientific research work and practical work of the respective discipline. 第十七条 专科教育的基本修业年限为二至三年，本科教育的基本修业年限为四至五年，硕士研究生教育的基本修业年限为二至三年，博士研究生教育的基本修业年限为三至四年。非全日制高等学历教育的修业年限应当适当延长。高等学校根据实际需要，报主管的教育行政部门批准，可以对本学校的修业年限作出调整。 Article 17 The basic length of schooling for specialty education shall be two to three years, the basic length of schooling for undergraduate education shall be four to five years, the basic length of schooling for master's post graduate education shall be two to three years and the basic length of schooling for doctoral post graduate education shall be three to four years. The length of schooling for non-full-time higher curricula education should be adequately extended. Institutions of higher learning may adjust the length of schooling of the respective schools in the light of actual requirements subject to the approval of the competent department of education administration. 第十八条 高等教育由高等学校和其他高等教育机构实施。 Article 18 Higher education shall be imparted by institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education. 大学、独立设置的学院主要实施本科及本科以上教育。高等专科学校实施专科教育。经国务院教育行政部门批准，科学研究机构可以承担研究生教育的任务。 Universities and independently established colleges(schools) mainly impart undergraduate and postgraduate education. Higher specialty institutions impart specialty education. Scientific research institutes may, subject to the approval of the department of education administration under the State Council, undertake the task of postgraduate education. 其他高等教育机构实施非学历高等教育。 Other institutions of higher education impart non-curricula higher education. 第十九条 高级中等教育毕业或者具有同等学力的，经考试合格，由实施相应学历教育的高等学校录取，取得专科生或者本科生入学资格。 Article 19 Graduates of senior secondary school education or those with equivalent educational level shall, upon passing the examination, be admitted by institutions of higher learning imparting corresponding curricula education, and obtain the qualification for admission as specialty students or undergraduate students. 本科毕业或者具有同等学力的，经考试合格，由实施相应学历教育的高等学校或者经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构录取，取得硕士研究生入学资格。 Graduates of undergraduate course or those with equivalent educational level shall, upon passing the examination, be admitted by institutions of higher learning imparting corresponding curricula education or scientific research institutes approved to undertake the task of post graduate education and obtain the qualification for admission as master's post graduate students. 硕士研究生毕业或者具有同等学力的，经考试合格，由实施相应学历教育的高等学校或者经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构录取，取得博士研究生入学资格。 Graduates of master's post graduate course or those with equivalent educational level shall, upon passing the examination, be admitted by institutions of higher learning imparting corresponding curricula education or scientific research institutes approved to undertake the task of post graduate education and obtain the qualification for admission as doctoral post graduate students. 允许特定学科和专业的本科毕业生直接取得博士研究生入学资格，具体办法由国务院教育行政部门规定。 It shall be permissible for university graduates of specific disciplines and specialties to directly obtain the qualification for admission as doctoral postgraduate students. Specific measures shall be worked out by the department of education administration under the State Council. 第二十条 接受高等学历教育的学生，由所在高等学校或者经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构根据其修业年限、学业成绩等，按照国家有关规定，发给相应的学历证书或者其他学业证书。 Article 20 Students receiving higher curricula education shall be issued corresponding certificates of educational background or other certificates of studies by the institutions of higher learning or scientific research institutes approved to undertake the task of post graduate education they have been in on the basis of the length of schooling and achievements in studies in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. 接受非学历高等教育的学生，由所在高等学校或者其他高等教育机构发给相应的结业证书。结业证书应当载明修业年限和学业内容。 Students receiving non-curricula higher education shall be issued corresponding certificates of completion of studies by the institutions of higher learning or other institutions of higher education. Certificates of completion of studies should carry length of schooling and contents of studies. 第二十一条 国家实行高等教育自学考试制度，经考试合格的，发给相应的学历证书或者其他学业证书。 Article 21 The state practices self-taught higher education examination system. Students having passed the examination shall be issued corresponding certificates of educational background or other certificates of studies. 第二十二条 国家实行学位制度。学位分为学士、硕士和博士。 Article 22 The state practices the academic degree system. The degrees are divided into the bachelor's degree, the master's degree and the doctor's degree. 公民通过接受高等教育或者自学，其学业水平达到国家规定的学位标准，可以向学位授予单位申请授予相应的学位。 Citizens whose educational level has reached the standards for degrees set by the state through receiving higher education or self-study may apply to degree-awarding units for corresponding degrees. 第二十三条 高等学校和其他高等教育机构应当根据社会需要和自身办学条件，承担实施继续教育的工作。 Article 23 Institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education should, in accordance with the requirements of society and their own conditions for running education, undertake the work of imparting continuing education. 第三章 高等学校的设立 Chapter III Establishment of Institutions of Higher Learning 第二十四条 设立高等学校，应当符合国家高等教育发展规划，符合国家利益和社会公共利益，不得以营利为目的。 Article 24 Establishment of an institution of higher learning should conform to the state higher education development planning, accord with state interests and public interest of society and must not take profit making as the object. 第二十五条 设立高等学校，应当具备教育法规定的基本条件。 Article 25 The basic conditions prescribed by the Education Law should be met for the establishment of an institution of higher learning. 大学或者独立设置的学院还应当具有较强的教学、科学研究力量，较高的教学、科学研究水平和相应规模，能够实施本科及本科以上教育。 A university or an independently established college(school) should as well have strong teaching and scientific research staff, higher teaching and scientific research level and corresponding scale and be in a position to impart undergraduate and above-undergraduate education. 大学还必须设有三个以上国家规定的学科门类为主要学科。 A university must also have more than three departments of disciplines prescribed by the state as major disciplines. 设立高等学校的具体标准由国务院制定。 Specific standards for the establishment of institutions of higher learning shall be formulated by the State Council. 设立其他高等教育机构的具体标准，由国务院授权的有关部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据国务院规定的原则制定。 Specific standards for the establishment of other institutions of higher education shall be formulated by the departments concerned authorized by the State Council or people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in accordance with the principles prescribed by the State Council. 第二十六条 设立高等学校，应当根据其层次、类型、所设学科类别、规模、教学和科学研究水平，使用相应的名称。 Article 26 Corresponding names should be used for the establishment of institutions of higher learning in accordance with their respective tiers, categories, departments of disciplines, scale, teaching and scientific research levels. 第二十七条 申请设立高等学校的，应当向审批机关提交下列材料： Article 27 Whoever applies for the establishment of an institution of higher learning should present the following materials to the organ of examination and approval: （一）申办报告； (1)a report on the application for the establishment; （二）可行性论证材料； (2)materials on feasibility authentication; （三）章程； (3)articles of association; and （四）审批机关依照本法规定要求提供的其他材料。 (4)other materials the presentation of which is required by the organ of examination and approval pursuant to the provisions of this Law. 第二十八条 高等学校的章程应当规定以下事项： Article 28 Articles of association of an institution of higher learning should specify the following particulars: （一）学校名称、校址； (1)name and address of the institution; （二）办学宗旨； (2)aims of establishment of the institution; （三）办学规模； (3)scale of the institution; （四）学科门类的设置； (4)establishment of departments of disciplines; （五）教育形式； (5)mode of education; （六）内部管理体制； (6)internal administrative system; （七）经费来源、财产和财务制度； (7)sources of funds, properties and financial rules; （八）举办者与学校之间的权利、义务； (8)rights and obligations between the sponsor(s) and the institution; （九）章程修改程序； (9)procedures for the revision of articles of association; and （十）其他必须由章程规定的事项。 (10)other matters that must be provided for by articles of association. 第二十九条 设立高等学校由国务院教育行政部门审批，其中设立实施专科教育的高等学校，经国务院授权，也可以由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批； Article 29 Establishment of institutions of higher learning shall be subject to the examination and approval of the department of education administration under the State Council, among them establishment of institutions of higher learning imparting specialty education may be subject to the examination and approval of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government upon authorization by the State Council; 设立其他高等教育机构，由国务院授权的有关部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批。对不符合规定条件审批设立的高等学校和其他高等教育机构，国务院教育行政部门有权予以撤销。 establishment of other institutions of higher education shall be subject to the examination and approval of the departments concerned authorized by the State Council or people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The department of education administration under the State Council has the power to nullify the institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education the establishment of which have been examined and approved not conforming to the prescribed conditions. 审批高等学校的设立，应当聘请由专家组成的评议机构评议。 Evaluation and reviewing institution consisting of specialists should be employed to conduct evaluation and review for the examination and approval of the establishment of institutions of higher learning. 高等学校和其他高等教育机构分立、合并、终止，变更名称、类别和其他重要事项，由原审批机关审批； Separation, amalgamation and termination of institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education, change in name and category and other important matters shall be subject to the examination and approval of the original examination and approval organ; 章程的修改，应当报原审批机关核准。 revision of articles of association shall be submitted to the original examination and approval organ for verification and approval. 第四章 高等学校的组织和活动 Chapter IV Organization and Activities of Institutions of Higher Learning 第三十条 高等学校自批准设立之日起取得法人资格。高等学校的校长为高等学校的法定代表人。 Article 30 An institution of higher learning obtains the qualification of a legal entity as of the date of approval for its establishment. The president of the institution of higher learning shall be the legal representative of the institution of higher learning. 高等学校在民事活动中依法享有民事权利，承担民事责任。 An institution of higher learning has civil rights in accordance with law in civil activities and bears civil liability. 第三十一条 高等学校应当以培养人才为中心，开展教学、科学研究和社会服务，保证教育教学质量达到国家规定的标准。 Article 31 Institutions of higher learning should carry out teaching, scientific research and social services centering round training talents to guarantee that educational and teaching quality reaches standards prescribed by the state. 第三十二条 高等学校根据社会需求、办学条件和国家核定的办学规模，制定招生方案，自主调节系科招生比例。 Article 32 Institutions of higher learning work out schemes for admission and independently regulate the percentage of admission for departments and disciplines in accordance with the requirements and demand of society, conditions for running the institution and scale of the institution verified by the state. 第三十三条 高等学校依法自主设置和调整学科、专业。 Article 33 Institutions of higher learning independently set up and adjust disciplines and specialties. 第三十四条 高等学校根据教学需要，自主制定教学计划、选编教材、组织实施教学活动。 Article 34 Institutions of higher learning independently work out teaching plans, select and compile textbooks and organize activities of imparting teaching in accordance with the requirements of teaching. 第三十五条 高等学校根据自身条件，自主开展科学研究、技术开发和社会服务。 Article 35 Institutions of higher learning independently conduct scientific research, technological development and social services in the light of their own conditions. 国家鼓励高等学校同企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织在科学研究、技术开发和推广等方面进行多种形式的合作。 The state encourages cooperation in diverse forms between institutions of higher learning and enterprises, institutions, societies and other social organizations in scientific research, technological development and extension. 国家支持具备条件的高等学校成为国家科学研究基地。 The state supports those institutions of higher learning where conditions mature becoming state scientific research bases. 第三十六条 高等学校按照国家有关规定，自主开展与境外高等学校之间的科学技术文化交流与合作。 Article 36 Institutions of higher learning independently carry out scientific, technological and cultural exchanges and cooperation with foreign institutions of higher learning in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. 第三十七条 高等学校根据实际需要和精简、效能的原则，自主确定教学、科学研究、行政职能部门等内部组织机构的设置和人员配备； Article 37 Institutions of higher learning independently decide on the setting up and personnel employment of such internal organizational structures as teaching, scientific research and administrative functional departments in the light of actual requirements and in accordance with the principle of streamlining and efficiency; 按照国家有关规定，评聘教师和其他专业技术人员的职务，调整津贴及工资分配。 assess the positions of teachers and other specialized technical personnel, adjust the allocation of subsidies and salary in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. 第三十八条 高等学校对举办者提供的财产、国家财政性资助、受捐赠财产依法自主管理和使用。 Article 38 Institutions of higher learning independently administer and use the property provided by the sponsor(s), state financial subsidy and properties donated and granted in accordance with law. 高等学校不得将用于教学和科学研究活动的财产挪作他用。 Institutions of higher learning must not use the property for teaching and scientific research activities for other purposes. 第三十九条 国家举办的高等学校实行中国*高等学校基层委员会领导下的校长负责制。 Article 39 The state-run institutions of higher learning practice the president responsibility system under the leadership of the grass-roots committees of the Chinese Communist Party in institutions of higher learning. 中国*高等学校基层委员会按照中国*章程和有关规定，统一领导学校工作，支持校长独立负责地行使职权，其领导职责主要是： In accordance with the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, the grass-roots committees of the Chinese Communist Party in institutions of higher learning exercise unified leadership over school work and support the presidents in independently and responsibly discharging their duties, their responsibilities of leadership are mainly as follows: 执行中国*的路线、方针、政策，坚持社会主义办学方向，领导学校的思想政治工作和德育工作，讨论决定学校内部组织机构的设置和内部组织机构负责人的人选，讨论决定学校的改革、发展和基本管理制度等重大事项，保证以培养人才为中心的各项任务的完成。 to implement the line and policies of the Chinese Communist Party, adhere to the socialist orientation of running the institutions, exercise leadership over ideological and political work and work related to morality in the institutions, hold discussions and take decisions on the set-up of internal organizational structures and candidates for the persons-in-charge of internal organizational structures, hold discussions and take decisions on such major matters as the reform, development and basic administrative rules of the institutions to ensure the completion of various tasks centered round training of talents. 社会力量举办的高等学校的内部管理体制按照国家有关社会力量办学的规定确定。 Internal management system of institutions of higher learning run by social forces shall be determined in accordance with the provision of the state concerning running of schools by social forces. 第四十条 高等学校的校长，由符合教育法规定的任职条件的公民担任。 Article 40 Presidency of institutions of higher learning shall be taken up by citizens conforming to the qualifications for the office prescribed by the Education Law. 高等学校的校长、副校长按照国家有关规定任免。 Appointment and relief from duties of presidents and vice presidents of institutions of higher learning shall be made pursuant to the relevant provisions of the state. 第四十一条 高等学校的校长全面负责本学校的教学、科学研究和其他行政管理工作，行使下列职权： Article 41 The president of an institution of higher learning shall be fully responsible for the teaching, scientific research and other administrative work of the respective institution and exercise the following duties and powers: （一）拟订发展规划，制定具体规章制度和年度工作计划并组织实施； (1)to draft development planning, formulate specific rules and regulations and annual work plan and organize their implementation; （二）组织教学活动、科学研究和思想品德教育； (2)to organize teaching activities, scientific research and ideological and moral education; （三）拟订内部组织机构的设置方案，推荐副校长人选，任免内部组织机构的负责人； (3)to draft schemes for the setting up of internal organizations, recommend candidates for vice presidency, appoint and relieve persons-in charge of internal organizations; （四）聘任与解聘教师以及内部其他工作人员，对学生进行学籍管理并实施奖励或者处分； (4)to employ and dismiss teachers and other internal workers, administer students' school roll and give rewards or impose penalties; （五）拟订和执行年度经费预算方案，保护和管理校产，维护学校的合法权益； (5)to draft and implement annual fund budget proposal, protect and manage school properties and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the school; and （六）章程规定的其他职权。 (6)other duties and powers provided for in the articles of association. 高等学校的校长主持校长办公会议或者校务会议，处理前款规定的有关事项。 The president of an institution of higher learning chairs the president's administrative meeting or the institution's administrative meeting and handles the relevant matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph. 第四十二条 高等学校设立学术委员会，审议学科、专业的设置，教学、科学研究计划方案，评定教学、科学研究成果等有关学术事项。 Article 42 An institution of higher learning establishes an academic committee for the review of such relevant academic matters as setting up of disciplines and specialties, proposals of teaching plan and scientific research plan, and evaluate achievements in teaching and scientific research. 第四十三条 高等学校通过以教师为主体的教职工代表大会等组织形式，依法保障教职工参与民主管理和监督，维护教职工合法权益。 Article 43 Institutions of higher learning guarantee the participation of teaching and administrative staff in democratic management and supervision and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of teaching and administrative staff in accordance with law in the organizational form of the conference of representatives of teaching and administrative staff with teachers as the main body. 第四十四条 高等学校的办学水平、教育质量，接受教育行政部门的监督和由其组织的评估。 Article 44 Levels of running a school and educational quality of institutions of higher learning shall be subject to the supervision of departments of education administration and the evaluation organized by them. 第五章 高等学校教师和其他教育工作者 Chapter V Teachers and Other Educational Workers of Institutions of Higher Learning 第四十五条 高等学校的教师及其他教育工作者享有法律规定的权利，履行法律规定的义务，忠诚于人民的教育事业。 Article 45 Teachers and other educational workers of institutions of higher learning have the rights prescribed by law, fulfill the obligations prescribed by law and shall be faithful to the educational cause of the people. 第四十六条 高等学校实行教师资格制度。 Article 46 Institutions of higher learning practice the teachers' qualification system. 中国公民凡遵守宪法和法律，热爱教育事业，具有良好的思想品德，具备研究生或者大学本科毕业学历，有相应的教育教学能力，经认定合格，可以取得高等学校教师资格。 Chinese citizens who abide by the Constitution and laws, ardently love the educational cause, have good ideology and moral character, have an educational background of graduation of post graduate course or graduates of regular college course and have corresponding educational and teaching capabilities may, upon confirmation of being qualified, acquire the qualification of teachers of institutions of higher learning. 不具备研究生或者大学本科毕业学历的公民，学有所长，通过国家教师资格考试，经认定合格，也可以取得高等学校教师资格。 Those citizens without the educational background of graduation of post graduate course or graduates of regular college course who have acquired a specialty from study and passed the state examination for teachers' qualification may also, upon confirmation of being qualified, acquire the qualification of teachers of institutions of higher learning. 第四十七条 高等学校实行教师职务制度。 Article 47 Institutions of higher learning practice the teachers' position system. 高等学校教师职务根据学校所承担的教学、科学研究等任务的需要设置。 Teachers'positions of institutions of higher learning shall be set up in accordance with the requirements of the tasks in teaching, scientific research undertaken by the institutions. 教师职务设助教、讲师、副教授、教授。 Teachers' positions include assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor. 高等学校的教师取得前款规定的职务应当具备下列基本条件： Teachers of institutions of higher learning should meet the following basic conditions for acquiring the positions prescribed in the preceding paragraph: （一）取得高等学校教师资格； (1)one who has acquired the teacher's qualification for an institution of higher learning; （二）系统地掌握本学科的基础理论； (2)one who has a systematic mastery of the basic theory of the respective discipline; （三）具备相应职务的教育教学能力和科学研究能力； (3)one who has the educational and teaching capability and scientific research capability of the corresponding position; and （四）承担相应职务的课程和规定课时的教学任务。 (4)one who undertakes the courses and teaching task of prescribed periods of the corresponding position. 教授、副教授除应当具备以上基本任职条件外，还应当对本学科具有系统而坚实的基础理论和比较丰富的教学、科学研究经验，教学成绩显著，论文或者著作达到较高水平或者有突出的教学、科学研究成果。 Professors and associate professors should, in addition to having the above basic conditions for taking up the position, also have systematic and firm basic theory of the respective discipline and rich experiences in teaching and scientific research, with remarkable achievements in teaching, theses and works reaching high level or has outstanding achievements in teaching and scientific research. 高等学校教师职务的具体任职条件由国务院规定。 Specific conditions for taking up positions for the positions of teachers of institutions of higher learning shall be prescribed by the State Council. 第四十八条 高等学校实行教师聘任制。 Article 48 Institutions of higher learning practice the teachers' employment system. 教师经评定具备任职条件的，由高等学校按照教师职务的职责、条件和任期聘任。 Teachers who have the qualification for taking up the position upon evaluation shall be employed by institutions of higher learning in accordance with the responsibilities, conditions and terms of office of teachers' positions. 高等学校的教师的聘任，应当遵循双方平等自愿的原则，由高等学校校长与受聘教师签订聘任合同。 Employment of teachers of institutions of higher learning should abide by the principle of mutual equality and voluntarism, and an employment contract shall be signed by the president of an institution of higher learning and the teacher who accepts the employment. 第四十九条 高等学校的管理人员，实行教育职员制度。高等学校的教学辅助人员及其他专业技术人员，实行专业技术职务聘任制度。 Article 49 Institutions of higher learning practice the educational staff system for administrators. Institutions of higher learning practice the specialty technical position employment system for auxiliary teaching staff and other specialty technical staff. 第五十条 国家保护高等学校教师及其他教育工作者的合法权益，采取措施改善高等学校教师及其他教育工作者的工作条件和生活条件。 Article 50 The state protects the legitimate rights and interests of teachers and other educational workers of institutions of higher learning, takes measures to improve the working conditions and living conditions of teachers and other educational workers of institutions of higher learning. 第五十一条 高等学校应当为教师参加培训、开展科学研究和进行学术交流提供便利条件。 Article 51 Institutions of higher learning should provide facilities for teachers' participation in training, conducting scientific research and academic exchanges. 高等学校应当对教师、管理人员和教学辅助人员及其他专业技术人员的思想政治表现、职业道德、业务水平和工作实绩进行考核，考核结果作为聘任或者解聘、晋升、奖励或者处分的依据。 Institutions of higher learning should check up the ideological and political performance, professional ethics, professional level and actual achievements in work of teachers, administrators, auxiliary teaching staff and other specialized technical personnel. Results of the check-up shall constitute the basis of employment or dismissal, promotion, rewards or penalties. 第五十二条 高等学校的教师、管理人员和教学辅助人员及其他专业技术人员，应当以教学和培养人才为中心做好本职工作。 Article 52 Teachers, administrators and auxiliary teaching staff as well as other specialized technical personnel of institutions of higher learning should do their respective work well centering around teaching and training of talents. 第六章 高等学校的学生 Chapter VI Students of Institutions of Higher Learning 第五十三条 高等学校的学生应当遵守法律、法规，遵守学生行为规范和学校的各项管理制度，尊敬师长，刻苦学习，增强体质，树立爱国主义、集体主义和社会主义思想，努力学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论，具有良好的思想品德，掌握较高的科学文化知识和专业技能。 Article 53 Students of institutions of higher learning should abide by laws and regulations, abide by students' code of conduct and the institutions' various administrative rules, respect teachers, study hard, strengthen their physique, foster ideas of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, strive to learn Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping's Theory, have good ideological morality and master high-level scientific and cultural knowledge and specialized skills. 高等学校学生的合法权益，受法律保护。 The legitimate rights and interests of students of institutions of higher learning are protected by law. 第五十四条 高等学校的学生应当按照国家规定缴纳学费。 Article 54 Students of institutions of higher learning should pay a tuition fee in accordance with state provisions. 家庭经济困难的学生，可以申请补助或者减免学费。 Students whose families are financially difficult may apply for subsidy or reduction and exemption of the tuition fee. 第五十五条 国家设立奖学金，并鼓励高等学校、企业事业组织、社会团体以及其他社会组织和个人按照国家有关规定设立各种形式的奖学金，对品学兼优的学生、国家规定的专业的学生以及到国家规定的地区工作的学生给予奖励。 Article 55 The state establishes scholarships and encourages institutions of higher learning, enterprises and institutions, societies as well other social organizations and individuals in the establishment of scholarships of various forms in accordance with relevant state provisions, and give rewards to students of good character and scholarship, students of the specialties prescribed by the state and students who go to work in regions determined by the state. 国家设立高等学校学生勤工助学基金和贷学金，并鼓励高等学校、企业事业组织、社会团体以及其他社会组织和个人设立各种形式的助学金，对家庭经济困难的学生提供帮助。 The state establishes the fund and loans for work-study programs for students of institutions of higher learning, and encourages institutions of higher learning, enterprises and institutions, societies as well as other social organizations and individuals in the establishment of various forms of grants-in-aid to provide assistance for students whose families are financially difficult. 获得贷学金及助学金的学生，应当履行相应的义务。 Students who obtain loans and grants-in-aid should fulfill corresponding obligations. 第五十六条 高等学校的学生在课余时间可以参加社会服务和勤工助学活动，但不得影响学业任务的完成。 Article 56 Students of institutions of higher learning may participate in after-school social services and work-study activities, however these must not adversely affect the completion of tasks of schoolwork. 高等学校应当对学生的社会服务和勤工助学活动给予鼓励和支持，并进行引导和管理。 Institutions of higher learning should encourage and support students' social services and work-study activities and provide guidance and administration. 第五十七条 高等学校的学生，可以在校内组织学生团体。 Article 57 Students of institutions of higher learning may organize students' societies within the institutions. 学生团体在法律、法规规定的范围内活动，服从学校的领导和管理。 Students' societies carry out activities within the scope prescribed by regulations and shall be subject to the leadership and administration of the institutions. 第五十八条 高等学校的学生思想品德合格，在规定的修业年限内学完规定的课程，成绩合格或者修满相应的学分，准予毕业。 Article 58 Students of institutions of higher learning who qualify in ideology and moral character, complete the prescribed courses within the prescribed length of schooling and are up to standard in results or study and obtain corresponding credits shall be permitted to graduate. 第五十九条 高等学校应当为毕业生、结业生提供就业指导和服务。 Article 59 Institutions of higher learning should provide employment guidance and services for graduates and students who have completed the courses. 国家鼓励高等学校毕业生到边远、艰苦地区工作。 The state encourages graduates of institutions of higher learning to work in border regions, remote areas and difficult areas. 第七章 高等教育投入和条件保障 Chapter VII Guarantee for Input and Conditions of Higher Education 第六十条 国家建立以财政拨款为主、其他多种渠道筹措高等教育经费为辅的体制，使高等教育事业的发展同经济、社会发展的水平相适应。 Article 60 The state establishes the system of financial allocation as the main source to be supplemented by raising funds for higher education through various other channels to make the development of the cause of higher education to be commensurate with the level of economic and social development. 国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府依照教育法第五十五条的规定，保证国家举办的高等教育的经费逐步增长。 The State Council and people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government ensure gradual increase in funds for state-run higher education pursuant to the provisions of Article 55 of the Education Law. 国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人向高等教育投入。 The state encourages enterprises and institutions, societies as well as other social organizations and individuals to provide input into higher education. 第六十一条 高等学校的举办者应当保证稳定的办学经费来源，不得抽回其投入的办学资金。 Article 61 Sponsors of institutions of higher learning should guarantee the stable source(s) of funds for running a school and must not withdraw the funds he/she/they put in running the school. 第六十二条 国务院教育行政部门会同国务院其他有关部门根据在校学生年人均教育成本，规定高等学校年经费开支标准和筹措的基本原则； Article 62 The department of education administration under the State Council provides in conjunction with the other departments concerned under the State Council for the standards for expenditures of funds and the basic principles of fund-raising of institutions of higher learning on the basis of per capita annual educational cost of students in school; 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府教育行政部门会同有关部门制订本行政区域内高等学校年经费开支标准和筹措办法，作为举办者和高等学校筹措办学经费的基本依据。 the departments of education administration of people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government formulate in conjunction with the departments concerned standards for annual expenditure of funds and measures for fund-raising of institutions of higher learning within the respective administrative areas to form the basic basis for sponsors and institutions of higher learning in raising funds for running the school. 第六十三条 国家对高等学校进口图书资料、教学科研设备以及校办产业实行优惠政策。 Article 63 The state adopts a preferential policy with regard to the import of books and materials and equipment for teaching and scientific research as well as school-run industries by institutions of higher learning. 高等学校所办产业或者转让知识产权以及其他科学技术成果获得的收益，用于高等学校办学。 Returns from industries run by institutions of higher learning or transfer of intellectual property rights as well as other scientific and technological achievements shall be used by institutions of higher learning for running the school. 第六十四条 高等学校收取的学费应当按照国家有关规定管理和使用，其他任何组织和个人不得挪用。 Article 64 Tuition fee collected by institutions of higher learning should be administered and used pursuant to relevant state provisions, any other organization or individual must not use it for other purposes. 第六十五条 高等学校应当依法建立、健全财务管理制度，合理使用、严格管理教育经费，提高教育投资效益。 Article 65 Institutions of higher learning should establish and perfect financial management rules in accordance with law, rationally use and strictly control the educational funds and improve the performance of educational investment. 高等学校的财务活动应当依法接受监督。 Financial activities of institutions of higher learning should be subject to supervision in accordance with law. 第八章 附则 Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions 第六十六条 对高等教育活动中违反教育法规定的，依照教育法的有关规定给予处罚。 Article 66 Penalties shall be imposed pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Education Law for activities of higher education in violation of the provisions of the Education Law. 第六十七条 中国境外个人符合国家规定的条件并办理有关手续后，可以进入中国境内高等学校学习、研究、进行学术交流或者任教，其合法权益受国家保护。 Article 67 Individuals outside the territory of China who meet the conditions prescribed by the state and have gone through relevant formalities may enter institutions of higher learning in China for study, research and academic exchanges or teaching, their legitimate rights and interests shall be protected by the state. 第六十八条 本法所称高等学校是指大学、独立设置的学院和高等专科学校，其中包括高等职业学校和成人高等学校。 Article 68 The institutions of higher learning referred to in this Law mean universities, independently established colleges(schools) and institutions of higher learning for specialties, including among them vocational higher schools and institutions of higher learning for adults. 本法所称其他高等教育机构是指除高等学校和经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构以外的从事高等教育活动的组织。 Other institutions of higher education referred to in this Law mean organizations engaging in activities of higher education other than institutions of higher learning and the scientific research institutes approved to undertake the educational task of postgraduates. 本法有关高等学校的规定适用于其他高等教育机构和经批准承担研究生教育任务的科学研究机构，但是对高等学校专门适用的规定除外。 Provisions concerning institutions of higher learning of this Law shall be applicable to other institutions of higher education and the scientific research institutes approved to undertake the educational task of postgraduates, however the provisions specifically applicable to institutions of higher learning are excluded. 第六十九条 本法自１９９９年１月１日起施行。 Article 69 This Law shall come into effect as of January 1,1999.
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