State Security Law of the People's Republic of China

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State Security Law of the People's Republic of China

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State Security Law of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国国家安全法

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER II FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE STATE SECURITY ORGANS IN THE WORK OF STATE SECURITY

CHAPTER III DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF CITIZENS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SAFEGUARDING STATE SECURITY

CHAPTER IV LEGAL LIABILITY

CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China for the purpose of safeguarding State security, protecting the State power of the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist system, and ensuring the smooth progress of reform, opening-up, and the socialist modernization drive.

Article 2 The State security organs, as stipulated by this Law, are the competent authorities in charge of State security.

The State security organs and the public security organs shall, in accordance with the division of functions and powers as prescribed by the State, attend to their respective duties, and closely cooperate with each other so as to safeguard State security.

Article 3 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the duty to safeguard the security, honour and interests of the State, and must not commit any act endangering the security, honour or interests of the State.

All State organs, armed forces, political parties, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall have the duty to safeguard the security of the State.

The State security organs, in the work of State security, must rely on the people's support, and shall mobilize and organize the people to prevent and check any act endangering the security of the State.

Article 4 Any organization or individual that has committed any act endangering the State security of the People's Republic of China shall be prosecuted according to law.

"Act endangering State security" as referred to in this Law means any of the following acts endangering the State security of the People's Republic of China committed by institutions, organizations or individuals outside the territory of the People's Republic of China, or, by other persons under the instigation or financial support of the afore-mentioned institutions, organizations or individuals, or, by organizations or individuals within the territory in collusion with institutions, organizations or individuals outside the territory:

(1) plotting to subvert the government, dismember the State or overthrow the socialist system;

(2) joining an espionage organization or accepting a mission assigned by an espionage organization or by its agent;

(3) stealing, secretly gathering, buying, or unlawfully providing State secrets;

(4) instigating, luring or bribing a State functionary to turn traitor; or

(5) committing any other act of sabotage endangering State security.

Article 5 The State shall protect organizations and individuals that have rendered support or assistance in safeguarding State security, and reward those who have made significant contributions to the maintenance of State security.

CHAPTER II FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE STATE SECURITY ORGANS IN THE WORK OF STATE SECURITY

Article 6 The State security organs shall exercise, in the work of State security, the functions and powers of investigation, detention, preliminary examination and execution of arrest according to law and other functions and powers as stipulated by the law.

Article 7 Any functionary of a State security organ, when carrying out according to law a task for State security and upon producing an appropriate certificate, shall have the right to examine the identification certificate of any Chinese citizen or any person from outside the territory of the People's Republic of China; and shall have the right to investigate or inquire about relevant matters from any organization or individual concerned.

Article 8 Any functionary of a State security organ may, when carrying out a task for State security, enter any interested site upon producing an appropriate certificate, and may, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, with approval and upon producing an appropriate certificate, enter interested restricted areas, sites or units; and may have access to related files, materials and articles for examination.

Article 9 Any functionary of a State security organ may, when carrying out an urgent task according to law, have the priority in taking means of public transport upon producing an appropriate certificate, and have the right of way in case of a traffic block.

As necessitated by the maintenance of State security, a State security organ may, when necessary and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, have priority in use of any means of transport or communication, site or building belonging to any organ, organization, enterprise, institution or individual, and shall make a timely return after the use and pay an appropriate fee, and, in case of any damage or loss, shall make compensation therefor.

Article 10 Where the reconnaissance of an act endangering State security requires, a State security organ may, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State and after going through strict approval procedures, employ technological means of reconnaissance.

Article 11 Where State security requires, a State security organ may inspect the electronic communication instruments and appliances and other similar equipment and installations belonging to any organization or individual.

Article 12 Where State security requires, a State security organ may, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, request such inspecting organs as the Customs and the frontier inspection stations to exempt the personnel, materials and equipment concerned from inspection. The relevant inspecting organs shall give assistance thereto.

Article 13 State security organs and their functionaries, in their work of State security, shall act strictly according to law, and refrain from overstepping or abusing their powers and infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of any organization or individual.

Article 14 The performance of duty according to law by functionaries of the State security organs shall be protected by law.

CHAPTER III DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF CITIZENS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SAFEGUARDING STATE SECURITY

Article 15 State organs, organizations and other institutions shall educate their personnel with regard to the maintenance of State security, mobilize and organize them to prevent and check acts endangering State security.

Article 16 Citizens and organizations shall provide convenience or other assistance for the work of State security.

Article 17 Any citizen who finds any act endangering State security shall without delay report it directly or through his work unit to a State security organ or a public security organ.

Article 18 When a State security organ investigates and finds out any circumstances endangering State security and gathers related evidence, citizens and organizations concerned shall faithfully furnish it with relevant information and may not refuse to do so.

Article 19 Any citizen or organization shall keep confidential the State secrets that have come to his knowledge or its possession regarding State security.

Article 20 No individual or organization may unlawfully hold any document, material or other articles classified as State secrets.

Article 21 No individual or organization may unlawfully hold or use any specialized espionage equipment or devices such as those for eavesdropping or secret photographing.

Article 22 Any citizen or organization shall have the right to make to the State security organ at a higher level or to a relevant department exposure of or charge against the excess or abuse of power or other unlawful acts committed by a State security organ or its functionaries. The State security organ at the higher level or the relevant department shall ascertain the facts without delay and be responsible for the handling thereof.

No one may suppress or retaliate against any citizen or organization that has assisted a State security organ in its work or made reports or charges according to law.

Article 23 Where the acts endangering State security committed by institutions, organizations or individuals outside the territory of the People's Republic of China or committed by other persons under the instigation or financial support of the said institutions, organizations or individuals, or committed by institutions or individuals within the territory of the People's Republic of China in collusion with institutions, organizations or individuals outside the territory constitute crimes, such institutions, organizations or individuals shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Article 24 Anyone who, guilty of a crime of espionage, voluntarily surrenders himself or has performed meritorious service may be given a lighter or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment; and any such person who has performed significant meritorious service may be awarded.

Article 25 Anyone who is compelled or induced to join a hostile organization and engaged in activities outside the territory endangering the State security of the People's Republic of China has made a faithful and timely report about the situation to an organ of the People's Republic of China stationed abroad, or after returning to the country, has made a faithful and timely report about the situation directly or through his unit to a State security organ or a public security organ shall not be prosecuted.

Article 26 Whoever, well aware of other persons' criminal acts of espionage, refuses to provide information while a State security organ investigates the circumstances or collects evidence from him shall be punished with administrative sanctions by his unit or the competent department at a higher level, or given a detention of not more than 15 days by the State security organ; in case the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be punished by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 162 of the Criminal Law.

Article 27 Whoever, by means of violence or threat, obstructs a State security organ from carrying out an assignment of State security according to law shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 157 of the Criminal Law.

Whoever intentionally obstructs a State security organ from carrying out an assignment of State security according to law, without resort to violence or threat, but have caused serious consequences shall be punished by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 157 of the Criminal Law; in case the circumstances are not serious, the offender shall be given a detention of not more than 15 days by the State security organ.

Article 28 Whoever intentionally or negligently divulges State secrets concerning State security shall be given a detention of not more than 15 days by the State security organ; in case the offence constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Article 29 A State security organ may search the body, articles, residence and other related places of anyone who unlawfully holds documents, materials or other articles classified as State secrets, or who unlawfully holds or uses equipment and materials specially for espionage purposes, and may confiscate such documents, materials and other articles, as well as such equipment and materials.

Anyone, who unlawfully holds documents, materials or other articles classified as State secrets, if the case constitutes the crime of divulging State secrets, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Article 30 If the violators of this Law are from outside the territory of the People's Republic of China, they may be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limit or be deported.

Article 31 Any party concerned, if not satisfied with the detention decision, may apply for reconsideration within 15 days after receipt of the decision to the organ at the next higher level over the one that has made the decision; and if still not satisfied with the reconsideration decision, the party concerned may bring a suit in a people's court within 15 days after receipt of the reconsideration decision.

Article 32 Any State security functionary who neglects his duty or engages in malpractices for personal interests, if the offence constitutes a crime, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 187 or Article 188 of the Criminal Law; Any such person who practises unlawful detention or extorts a confession by torture, if the offence constitutes a crime, shall be punished respectively in accordance with the provisions of Article 143 or Article 136 of the Criminal Law.

CHAPTER V SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 33 Any public security organ that carries out an assignment of State security according to the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 2 of this Law shall be governed by the relevant provisions of this Law.

Article 34 This Law shall enter into force as of the date of promulgation.

中华人民共和国国家安全法

中华人民共和国主席令（七届第68号）

《中华人民共和国国家安全法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议于1993年2月22日通过，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席杨尚昆
1993年2月22日

中华人民共和国国家安全法

1993年2月22日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过

目录
第一章总则

第二章国家安全机关在国家安全工作中的职权

第三章公民和组织维护国家安全的义务和权利

第四章法律责任

第五章附则

第一章总则

第一条为了维护国家安全，保卫中华人民共和国人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度，保障改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的顺利进行，根据宪法，制定本法。

第二条国家安全机关是本法规定的国家安全工作的主管机关。国家安全机关和公安机关按照国家规定的职权划分，各司其职，密切配合，维护国家安全。

第三条中华人民共和国公民有维护国家的安全、荣誉和利益的义务，不得有危害国家的安全、荣誉和利益的行为。一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体及各企业事业组织，都有维护国家安全的义务。国家安全机关在国家安全工作中必须依靠人民的支持，动员、组织人民防范、制止危害国家安全的行为。

第四条任何组织和个人进行危害中华人民共和国国家安全的行为都必须受到法律追究。本法所称危害国家安全的行为，是指境外机构、组织、个人实施或者指使、资助他人实施的，或者境内组织、个人与境外机构、组织、个人相勾结实施的下列危害中华人民共和国国家安全的行为：
（一）阴谋颠覆政府，分裂国家，推翻社会主义制度的；
（二）参加间谍组织或者接受间谍组织及其代理人的任务的；
（三）窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供国家秘密的；
（四）策动、勾引、收买国家工作人员叛变的；
（五）进行危害国家安全的其他破坏活动的。

第五条国家对支持、协助国家安全工作的组织和个人给予保护，对维护国家安全有重大贡献的给予奖励。

第二章国家安全机关在国家安全工作中的职权

第六条国家安全机关在国家安全工作中依法行使侦查、拘留、预审和执行逮捕以及法律规定的其他职权。

第七条国家安全机关的工作人员依法执行国家安全工作任务时，经出示相应证件，有权查验中国公民或者境外人员的身份证明；向有关组织和人员调查、询问有关情况。

第八条国家安全机关的工作人员依法执行国家安全工作任务时，经出示相应证件，可以进入有关场所；根据国家有关规定，经过批准，出示相应证件，可以进入限制进入的有关地区、场所、单位；查看或者调阅有关的档案、资料、物品。

第九条国家安全机关的工作人员在依法执行紧急任务的情况下，经出示相应证件，可以优先乘坐公共交通工具，遇交通阻碍时，优先通行。
国家安全机关为维护国家安全的需要，必要时，按照国家有关规定，可以优先使用机关、团体、企业事业组织和个人的交通工具、通信工具、场地和建筑物，用后应当及时归还，并支付适当费用；造成损失的，应当赔偿。

第十条国家安全机关因侦察危害国家安全行为的需要，根据国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，可以采取技术侦察措施。

第十一条国家安全机关为维护国家安全的需要，可以查验组织和个人的电子通信工具、器材等设备、设施。

第十二条国家安全机关因国家安全工作的需要，根据国家有关规定，可以提请海关、边防等检查机关对有关人员和资料、器材免检。有关检查机关应当予以协助。

第十三条国家安全机关及其工作人员在国家安全工作中，应当严格依法办事，不得超越职权、滥用职权，不得侵犯组织和个人的合法权益。

第十四条国家安全机关工作人员依法执行职务受法律保护。

第三章公民和组织维护国家安全的义务和权利

第十五条机关、团体和其他组织应当对本单位的人员进行维护国家安全的教育，动员、组织本单位的人员防范、制止危害国家安全的行为。

第十六条公民和组织应当为国家安全工作提供便利条件或者其他协助。

第十七条公民发现危害国家安全的行为，应当直接或者通过所在组织及时向国家安全机关或者公安机关报告。

第十八条在国家安全机关调查了解有关危害国家安全的情况、收集有关证据时，公民和有关组织应当如实提供，不得拒绝。

第十九条任何公民和组织都应当保守所知悉的国家安全工作的国家秘密。

第二十条任何个人和组织都不得非法持有属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品。

第二十一条任何个人和组织都不得非法持有、使用窃听、窃照等专用间谍器材。

第二十二条任何公民和组织对国家安全机关及其工作人员超越职权、滥用职权和其他违法行为，都有权向上级国家安全机关或者有关部门检举、控告。上级国家安全机关或者有关部门应当及时查清事实，负责处理。
对协助国家安全机关工作或者依法检举、控告的公民和组织，任何人不得压制和打击报复。

第四章法律责任

第二十三条境外机构、组织、个人实施或者指使、资助他人实施，或者境内组织、个人与境外机构、组织、个人相勾结实施危害中华人民共和国国家安全的行为，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第二十四条犯间谍罪自首或者有立功表现的，可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚；有重大立功表现的，给予奖励。

第二十五条在境外受胁迫或者受诱骗参加敌对组织，从事危害中华人民共和国国家安全的活动，及时向中华人民共和国驻外机构如实说明情况的，或者入境后直接或者通过所在组织及时向国家安全机关或者公安机关如实说明情况的，不予追究。

第二十六条明知他人有间谍犯罪行为，在国家安全机关向其调查有关情况、收集有关证据时，拒绝提供的，由其所在单位或者上级主管部门予以行政处分，或者由国家安全机关处十五日以下拘留；情节严重的，比照刑法第一百六十二条的规定处罚。

第二十七条以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家安全机关依法执行国家安全工作任务的，依照刑法第一百五十七条的规定处罚。
故意阻碍国家安全机关依法执行国家安全工作任务，未使用暴力、威胁方法，造成严重后果的，比照刑法第一百五十七条的规定处罚；情节较轻的，由国家安全机关处十五日以下拘留。

第二十八条故意或者过失泄露有关国家安全工作的国家秘密的，由国家安全机关处十五日以下拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第二十九条对非法持有属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品的，以及非法持有、使用专用间谍器材的，国家安全机关可以依法对其人身、物品、住处和其他有关的地方进行搜查；对其非法持有的属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品，以及非法持有、使用的专用间谍器材予以没收。
非法持有属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品，构成泄露国家秘密罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第三十条境外人员违反本法的，可以限期离境或者驱逐出境。

第三十一条当事人对拘留决定不服的，可以自接到处罚决定书之日起十五日内，向作出处罚决定的上一级机关申请复议；对复议决定不服的，可以自接到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。

第三十二条国家安全机关工作人员玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，分别依照刑法第一百八十七条、第一百八十八条的规定处罚；非法拘禁、刑讯逼供，构成犯罪的，分别依照刑法第一百四十三条、第一百三十六条的规定处罚。

第五章附则

第三十三条公安机关依照本法第二条第二款的规定，执行国家安全工作任务时，适用本法有关规定。

第三十四条本法自公布之日起施行。

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